An investigation of Organizational Justice in Pakistan’s higher educational institutes

Fairness is not an idea or a concept an individual should be struggling for, it is a basic right in the workplace. Fairness is at the heart of Organisational Justice. Unfortunately, the ideal is rarely achieved and it is an important area for research and analysis. Essentially, this work examines perceptions of organisational justice within the higher educational system of Pakistan. Faculty members are the subject of the study. In order to carry out this examination, the literature on justice has been explored from different philosophical perspectives. After reviewing existing models, theoretical concepts and initial research on educational sector of Pakistan, research hypotheses have been developed regarding the factors influencing perceptions of organizational justice. Organizational Communication, Power Distance, Organizational Structure, Reward Allocation are drawn out key influencing factors contributing to the Organizational Justice. However, Organizational Trust has been explored as a moderator to see how it affects the relationship of existing factors and organizational justice. This study is distinctive in its utilization of two research methods combined into a holistic and integrated research design. The study adopts a convergent/concurrent parallel design which allows the researcher to execute both methods (quantitative and qualitative). The thrust of using these methods is to establish if the relationships exist in the specific cultural context (through quantitative method) and to highlight how they contribute to the ideas of organisational justice in the daily work lives of faculty staff (through qualitative method). The findings of this study highlight some of the grey areas where changes are required as well as some positive sides of institutes have been emerged. Faculty members do have a view that an improvement is required in the formal vertical communications in institutes. Also, the hierarchal structures in most of the institutes are seen as the cause of distances between employers and subordinates (power distance). Most of the institutes fall through to provide the rewards that faculty members expect (monetary). Organizational trust has been found to play an important role in strengthening and weakening perceptions of organizational justice in Pakistani higher educational context. Perceptions of organisational justice are influenced by many factors in the daily lives of faculty staff. Experience of, discriminations, working conditions, ageism, genderism, favouritism, transparency, and the use of power all play a part. This research project suggests that many of these experiences are mediated and can be improved through good communication flows, more friendly organizational structures, reduced power distance among supervisors and subordinates, and more transparent reward allocation. Finally, this study presents an exclusive framework to highlight the factors and also the issues which are triggering these factors to further contribute to organizational justice

Comparison in Various Bioactive Compounds of Leaves and Seeds of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.

Medicinal plants a gift of nature are being used against various infections and diseases in the subcontinent since past history. Herbs were use as food ( vegetables ) and flavors for hundred of years in many parts of world. Whereas number of herbs have also been traditionally regarded as natural remedies for common ailments of human population. Furthermore some herbal plants are considered as house of medicines and played an important role in nearly every culture on earth, including Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. A study was conducted to analyze the Leaves and seeds of Foeniculum vulgare for different bioactive compounds those includes saponins , total proteins, amino acids, fat and flavonoids with one and two dimensional thin layer and column chromatography followed by spectrophotometric analysis. Results indicates that leaves contained higher concentration of flavonoids and fat. Where as level of Saponins, proteins, amino acids, total minerals and other organic compounds was high in seeds. The analysis of leave and seeds of Foeniculum vulgare for these valuable organic compounds will provide important raw materials that can be used for preparation of medicines in Pharmaceuticals companies. Furthermore interest of people in plant made medicines are increasing due to their concern about the side effects of powerful synthetic drugs and high prices of these medicines. It is expected that raw material obtained from plants will not only reduce the prices of medicines in the pharmaceutical market but also provide rapid and reliable system of treatment of various infection and disease of human populatio

A path analysis of the relationship between job stress and care for ageing parents in Thailand: a case study of Thai migrant workers

This study examines internal labour migration in Thailand to study the stress level of workers who have to care of and look after their ageing parents. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 300 Thai migrant labourers who continuously have to attend to their ageing parents. Thai Job Content Questionnaire (Thai-JCQ) was used to gather information on job stress level using the Job Demand Control (JDC) model developed by Karasek. Findings show that distance, wages, and working conditions have a direct effect on job stress. Wages had the most direct relationship with job stress with a standardised regression weight of 0.400 (p-value<0.01). In conclusion, distance, wages, and working conditions, each directly impacts job stress. However, caring for ageing parents is a mediator and a moderator of job stress levels

Investigation for Bioactive Compounds of Berberis Lyceum Royle and Justicia Adhatoda L.

In order to explore the medicinal values of plant species like Berberis lyceum and Justicia adhatoda, a study was conducted to analyze roots, leaves and fruits of both plant species for identification of various organic compounds. Chemical analysis as well as identification of organic compounds by chromatographic techniques were carried out. Results indicates that both plant species contained Proteins, Sugars, Lipids, Vitamin C, Sodium, Calcium, Sulphur, Iron, and Zinc.Whereas the alkaloids like Palmatine, Berberine, Vasicine and Vasicinone were also found in leaves and roots of these plant species. However, it was observed that roots of both plant species contained higher concentrations of these chemical compounds as compared to fruits and leaves except sugar and vitamin C those were high in fruits. Furthermore presence of such bioactive compounds in Berberis lyceum and Justicia adhatoda indicated their importance in the form of local medicines. This experiment will help to increase the importance of new raw material found in these plant species and their demand in the market will be increased in the future. The extract of roots and fruits of these plant species are being used against various infections and diseases in rural population of subcontinent since many centuries

Improved repeatability measures for evaluating performance of feature detectors

The most frequently employed measure for performance characterisation of local feature detectors is repeatability, but it has been observed that this does not necessarily mirror actual performance. Presented are improved repeatability formulations which correlate much better with the true performance of feature detectors. Comparative results for several state-of-the-art feature detectors are presented using these measures; it is found that Hessian-based detectors are generally superior at identifying features when images are subject to various geometric and photometric transformations

Geometry of Information Integration

Information geometry is used to quantify the amount of information integration within multiple terminals of a causal dynamical system. Integrated information quantifies how much information is lost when a system is split into parts and information transmission between the parts is removed. Multiple measures have been proposed as a measure of integrated information. Here, we analyze four of the previously proposed measures and elucidate their relations from a viewpoint of information geometry. Two of them use dually flat manifolds and the other two use curved manifolds to define a split model. We show that there are hierarchical structures among the measures. We provide explicit expressions of these measures

Generalized second-order partial derivatives of 1/r

The generalized second-order partial derivatives of 1/r, where r is the radial distance in 3D, are obtained using a result of the potential theory of classical analysis. Some non-spherical regularization alternatives to the standard spherical-regularization expression for the derivatives are derived. The utility of a spheroidal-regularization expression is illustrated on an example from classical electrodynamics.Comment: 12 pages; as accepted for publication by European Journal of Physic

In-vitro apatite formation capacity of a bioactive glass - containing toothpaste

GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcar